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Volume 26 , Issue 2
March/April 2006
Pages 135–141

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Inflammatory Mediators in Failing Implants

Yrjö T. Konttinen, MD, PhD / Jian Ma, DDS / Rejo Lappalainen, PhD /Pekka Laine, DDS / Uula Kitti, DDS / Seppo Santavirta, MD, PhD / Olli Teronen, DDS, PhD

PMID: 16642902
DOI: 10.11607/prd.00.0679

It was hypothesized that peri-implant tissue around loosening dental implants may contain cytokines with a potential to regulate osteoclasts. Peri-implant and/or gingival samples from loosened implants, chronic periodontitis (CP), and normal controls (n = 10 samples in each group) were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining to observe tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1a), IL-6, platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A), and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-a). These cytokines were found in foreign-body giant cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. TNF-a, IL-1a, and IL-6 were increased (P < .05; unpaired t test) in peri-implantitis and CP, whereas PDGF-A and TGF-a were not. In conclusion, cytokines with a potential to activate osteoclasts were found in both peri-implantitis and CP, but the cytokine profiles differed in that IL-1a was the most prevalent cytokine in the former and TNF-a was the most common in the latter. These cytokines may contribute to peri-implant bone loss/loosening by stimulating formation and activity of osteoclasts and might be an amenable target for local therapies with cytokine modulators.
(Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2006;26:135–141.)

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